ミネソタ州の場合 “Any student or teacher may decline to participate in recitation of the pledge.” 生徒または教師は、忠誠宣誓暗誦への参加を拒否できる http://www.aclu-mn.org/downloads/Pledge.pdf
Russo v. Central School District No. 1, 469 F.2d 623 (2d Cir. 1972). This case held that a teacher can refuse to salute the flag and keep hands by her side. この裁判では。教師が国旗に敬礼することを拒否できるとした （ちなみに学校側が上告したが連邦最高裁で不受理、教師の勝ちが確定） http://www.centerforpubliceducation.org/Main-Menu/Public-education/The-law-and-its-influence-on-public-school-districts-An-overview/Free-speech-and-public-schools.html